羊源杀鲑气单胞菌16S rRNA基因的克隆测序及分析

从重庆市丰都县无菌采集山羊血液,提取全血基因组,用16SrRNA基因的引物进行PCR扩增,得到2条长约1 500bp的扩增片段,将其克隆到pMD19-T载体后进行测序,并与3条豚鼠气单胞菌,3条嗜水气单胞菌,3条中间气单胞菌,4条杀鲑气单胞菌,2条温和气单胞菌,3条维氏气单胞菌和5条舒氏气单胞菌16SrRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析.结果表明:所克隆的基因片段长度均为1 507bp,GenBank登录号为JF823571和JF823572.系统发育分析发现2条序列均被聚类到杀鲑气单胞菌群,并与温和气单胞菌聚类到一个大的分支.同源性比对结果显示所获得的序列与杀鲑气单胞菌法国株(ATCC33658T)X74681和阿根廷株AF134065的同源性最高,均为99.6%,表明重庆地区存在受杀鲑气单胞菌感染的山羊.     

团头鲂细菌性败血症的病理学研究

报道了由温和气单胞菌(Aerom onas drophila)感染团头鲂引起细菌性败血症的病理学变化。通过对人工感染病例的病理学观察,发现病理变化主要表现为鱼体多处出血,特别是体表的出血最为明显;有淡红色浑浊黏液状腹水,肛门红肿外突;心、肝、肾、肠等内脏器官充血、出血、肿大、变性、坏死以及红细胞发生溶血;血液学生理指标上表现出红细胞大量减少,白细胞大量增加等细菌性败血症的病理特征,并在病理变化观察的基础上探讨了该病发生的机理。     

嗜水气单胞菌的致病性及其防治方法

现有研究结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌是一种致病力很强的水生常居细菌,能引起水产动物、水禽、家禽和人类等共患病。文章综合报道了嗜水气单胞菌的细菌学特征及其由该菌引起鱼、鳖、蛙、珍珠蚌、鸭及人类感染致病的情况和一般的防治方法,指出今后应对嗜水气单胞菌的发生、传播等做进一步研究,防范该菌对人类的生产、生活造成的危害。     

大鲵致病性嗜水气单胞菌SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR诊断试剂盒的研制

根据GenBank中致病性嗜水气单胞菌特异性的气溶素基因序列,设计1对引物,利用普通PCR技术扩增获得hlyA基因片段,并克隆到pMD-18T载体上作为阳性标准品。通过对SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR反应条件的优化,建立了快速检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量诊断方法,以此为基础研制出试剂盒。试剂盒扩增产物的熔解曲线分析只出现1个单特异峰,无引物二聚体,对非致病性嗜水气单胞菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、迟缓爱德华菌、柱状黄杆菌均无阳性信号扩增,重复性好,灵敏度可达1.0x101拷贝/uL。结果表明研制的致病性嗜水气单胞菌SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR试剂盒具有特异、灵敏、快速、重复性好等特点,适合于大鲵临床样品的检测。     

中华鳖致病性嗜水气单胞菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

为了探求中华鳖致病性菌株的药物体外抗菌效果,在江西进贤某中华鳖养殖场对病死中华鳖进行细菌分离,并对细菌进行形态特征、培养特性、生化鉴定、毒力因子检测试验、小白鼠毒力试验和人工感染等试验;采用K-B法药敏试验和96孔微型板二倍稀释法测定9种抗菌药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)来分析抗菌效果.结果表明:中华鳖为致病性嗜水...     

Characterization of the goldfish fecal microflora by the fluorescent in situ hybridization method

ABSTRACT:   Bacterial populations in goldfish feces were characterized by the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method. A total of nine different group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used. Approximately half of the microbial cells (57.8 ± 16.7%) were detected with a probe EUB338 and found to be bacteria. The microbial cells in 33–35 of the 35 samples from five specimens strongly hybridized with probes ALF1b, BET42a and GAM42a, suggesting that goldfish intestinal bacteria are mainly composed of α, β and γ-subclasses of Proteobacteria. The fact that a probe AER66 reacted with 25.6 ± 14.2% of the total microbial cells in all 35 samples, demonstrated that genus Aeromonas was the dominant species in the goldfish intestines. Genus Bacteroides including Bacteroides type A detected with a probe BAC303 was observed in 15 of 35 samples while other taxonomic groups determined with HGC69a, CF39a and P72 were detected in 6–11 of 35 samples. These results strongly suggest that Bacteroides shows the greatest daily fluctuation and interindividual variation in the intestines of goldfish. Moreover, the FISH method was proven to be useful for rapid enumeration of taxonomic groups of fish intestinal bacteria.     

从江县鲤爆发性死亡病例实验室诊断

2018年10月贵州省从江县某水产养殖专业合作社鲤爆发死亡,本研究对死亡病例进行了流行病学调查、病理学观察、寄生虫学检查、细菌分离鉴定和病毒PCR检测等诊断。结果显示:病鲤病变以鳃丝溃烂、体表出血、肛门红肿和眼球凹陷为主要特征,组织的主要病变是肾小球萎缩出血、肾小囊空腔、鳃丝肿胀粘连及上皮细胞脱落等;细菌分离培养可得到圆形凸起、表面光滑的灰白色菌落,经染色镜检、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因测序分析,鉴定该分离菌为嗜水气单胞菌;PCR检测显示鲤浮肿病毒(Carp edema virus,CEV)为阳性,未检出鲤春病毒血症病毒(Spring viremia of carp virus,SVCV)和鲤疱疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus,KHV);显微镜观察亦未见到寄生虫虫体;分别取分离菌和鲤浮肿病毒阳性病例组织悬液进行人工感染试验,均可引起健康鲤发生死亡。上述结果表明,从江县鲤的死亡是嗜水气单胞菌和鲤浮肿病毒混合感染所致。     

两株气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从福建省某牛蛙养殖场病死牛蛙和某鸭场病死鸭体内分离到两株细菌，检验结果表明，两株分离菌均为有运动力的革兰氏阴性杆菌。根据其临床症状、细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物回归试验以及溶血试验等一系列试验，研究证明牛蛙感染的病原为嗜水气单胞菌，鸭感染的病原为温和气单胞菌。     

Virulence, cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from cultivated salmonid fish in Sweden

Extracellular products in culture filtrates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and Vibrio anguillarum isolated from infected fish have been shown to possess skin inflammatory factor. The extracellular products from Vibrio anguillarum were cytotoxic in HeLa and CHO cells. In addition to the skin lesions, the culture filtrates of V. anguillarum caused necrotic reaction on the rabbit skin. Five of 6 strains of V. anguillarum were lethal to mice after intraperitoneal administration of 3×10⁷ CFU. Only 1 strain of 5 A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes produced extracellular products which elicited cytotoxic effects in the CHO cells. None of the A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strains were lethal to mice. The cytotoxins were inactivated when heated at 65°C for 30 min. The results indicate that the thermolabile exotoxins are non-enterotoxic since they failed to stimulate fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop and did not cause elongation of the CHO cells. The rounding off of CHO cells, as well as of HeLa cells indicate that the exotoxins may play an important role in fish diseases.     

Cloning, nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses, and tissue-specific expression of the transferrin gene in Cirrhinus mrigala infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Transferrin partial complementary DNAs were cloned from the livers of five species in four genera of Indian carps (Indian major carp species: Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala; medium carp: Puntius sarana; minor carp: Labeo bata) subsequent to polymerase chain reaction amplification with published heterologous primers or self-designed primers derived from conserved regions of transferrin cDNA sequences. The partial transferrin cDNAs of the five species of carps had sizes from 624 to 633 bp (487 bp for L. rohita) and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 206–211 (162 for L. rohita) amino acids. The alignments of carp cDNA sequences showed 85–97% homology and 71–93% homology in deduced amino acid sequences. A phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequences of transferrin cDNAs from carps showed that the relationship among the four genera of Indian carps is well correlated with that derived from classic morphologic analyses. The hypothesized cleavage site and interdomain bridge of transferrin molecule were predicted for the above carp species and interestingly the cleavage site amino acid sequence was found to be conserved among all the carps. To study the tissue-specific expression of the transferrin gene, various tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, muscle, testis, heart, intestine, gill and fin) from apparently healthy (control), moribund and survived C. mrigala experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila infection were analyzed. Transferrin mRNA was detected only in liver RNA and to lesser extent in brain tissue out of the 10 tissues analyzed irrespective of bacterial infection.